function foreach(f, a, s) {
    a = ("undefined"==typeof(a) ? [] : a);
    for(var i=0; i<a.length; i++) f(a[i], s);
}

function map(f, a, s) {
    a = ("undefined"==typeof(a) ? [] : a);
    for(var i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i] = f(a[i], s);
    return a;
}

function reduce(f, a, s) {
    var i, r = ("undefined"!=typeof(s) ? s : null);
    a = ("undefined"==typeof(a) ? [] : a);
    for(i=0; i<a.length; i++) r = f(a[i], r);
    return r;
}

function filter(f, a, s) {
    var i, l = [];
    a = ("undefined"==typeof(a) ? [] : a);
    for(i=0; i<a.length; i++) if(f(a[i], s)) l.push(a[i]);
    return l;
}

function iota(c, b, s) {
    var i, e, a = [];
    c = parseInt(c);
    b = ("undefined"==typeof(b) || !b) ? 0 : parseInt(b);
    s = ("undefined"==typeof(s) || !s) ? 1 : parseInt(s);
    e = parseInt(b + (c-1) * s);
    for(i=b; i<=e; i+=s) a.push(i);
    return a;
}

function repeat(f, n, s) {
    for(var i=0; i<n; i++) f(s);
}

self["$"] = function(id){ return self.document.getElementById(id); };

window.init_stack = [];
window.onload = function(){ foreach(function(n){  n(); }, init_stack); };